Journal of Archaeology in the Low Countries

Journal of Archaeology in the Low Countries 3-1 (November 2011)

The bone and antler tools from the Wijnaldum-Tjitsma terp 1

Wietske Prummel, Hülya Halici, Annemieke Verbaas

Keywords: bone tools, antler tools, Roman period, Migration period, Early Middle Ages, eliteimport

2 Material and methods

3 The animal species represented

4 The contexts in which the bone and antler tools were found

5 Six groups of bone tools, production waste and unfinished tools

5.1 Fibre and skin working tools

5.2 Personal utensils: combs, pins, rings and beads

5.4 Musical instruments

5.5 Household utensils

5.6 Transport: bone skates and a sledge runner

6 The bone tools used in the five occupation phases

6.1 Roman period

6.2 Migration period

6.3 Merovingian period

6.4 Carolingian period

6.5 Ottonian period

6.6 Diachronous development of bone and antler tools at Wijnaldum-Tjitsma

7 Local bone and antler working or imports?

8 The bone and antler tools from Wijnaldum-Tjitsma compared with those from other terpen in Friesland and Groningen

8.1 Roman period

8.2 Migration period

8.3 Merovingian period

8.4 Carolingian and Ottonian periods

Acknowledgements

Report on the manufacture and wear trace analysis of ten bone and antler artefacts from the Wijnaldum-Tjitsma terp.

Introduction and Methods